Ionomycin (free acid)

Antibiotic [1]. Potent and highly selective Ca2+ ionophore. Commonly used to modify intracellular calcium levels to study calcium transport across biological membranes and to calibrate fluorescent Ca2+ indicators [2, 3]. Ionomycin also transports Pb2+ and some other divalent cations, as well as several lanthanide series trivalent cations at efficiencies that are greater than or equal to those for Ca2+ [3, 9]. Apoptosis inducer [4, 7]. Induces apoptotic neuronal degeneration in embryonic cortical neurons and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and induces central demyelination [6]. Used to stimulate the intracellular production of the cytokines, interferon, perforin, IL-2 and IL-4 usually in conjunction with PMA [5, 8]. ADAM10 agonist [10]. Potent inducer of shedding CXCL16 [10]. TREK-1 channels inhibitor [11]. PPARgamma ligand with a unique binding mode. Shows effective glucose-lowering activity in a mouse model of diabetes [12].