7-keto Lithocholic Acid Reference: 29546-5 An intermediate in the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria in humans; increases the bile flow rate and the concentration of bile bicarbonate in rats via venous infusion at 1.2 µmol/min per 100 g body weight; levels are decreased in rat feces in a model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure; fecal levels are also reduced in patients with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma
Adefovir Reference: 18650-250 An active metabolite of adefovir dipivoxil; formed from adefovir dipivoxil by CES2; inhibits cytopathogenicity induced by HSV-1 and HSV-2 (EC50 = 7 µg/ml for both in E6SM cells), HIV-1 and HIV-2 (EC50s = 1.8 and 2.5 µg/ml, respectively, in CEM cells), and VZV (EC50 = 10 µg/ml in human embryonic lung fibroblasts); reduces increases in lymph node viral DNA and serum IgG levels in a mouse model of AIDS induced by infection with LP-BM5 at 50 mg/kg; inhibits tumor growth induced by MSV infection in mice at 50 mg/kg
7-keto Lithocholic Acid Reference: 29546-500 An intermediate in the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria in humans; increases the bile flow rate and the concentration of bile bicarbonate in rats via venous infusion at 1.2 µmol/min per 100 g body weight; levels are decreased in rat feces in a model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure; fecal levels are also reduced in patients with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma
Adefovir Reference: 18650-50 An active metabolite of adefovir dipivoxil; formed from adefovir dipivoxil by CES2; inhibits cytopathogenicity induced by HSV-1 and HSV-2 (EC50 = 7 µg/ml for both in E6SM cells), HIV-1 and HIV-2 (EC50s = 1.8 and 2.5 µg/ml, respectively, in CEM cells), and VZV (EC50 = 10 µg/ml in human embryonic lung fibroblasts); reduces increases in lymph node viral DNA and serum IgG levels in a mouse model of AIDS induced by infection with LP-BM5 at 50 mg/kg; inhibits tumor growth induced by MSV infection in mice at 50 mg/kg
12-keto Lithocholic Acid Reference: 29547-10 A metabolite of DCA; fecal levels are elevated in rats fed a diet supplemented with cholic acid or DCA compared with rats fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with cholesterol, HDCA, or LCA; activates the human PXR (EC50 = 31.3 μM in a cell-based transactivation assay); levels are increased in duodenal bile from patients with type 2 diabetes
Mitotane Reference: 18651-1 An inhibitor of steroidogenesis that suppresses the growth of adrenocortical cells; blocks the expression of several genes that encode proteins involved in steroidogenesis and disrupts mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in human adrenocortical cells
12-keto Lithocholic Acid Reference: 29547-25 A metabolite of DCA; fecal levels are elevated in rats fed a diet supplemented with cholic acid or DCA compared with rats fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with cholesterol, HDCA, or LCA; activates the human PXR (EC50 = 31.3 μM in a cell-based transactivation assay); levels are increased in duodenal bile from patients with type 2 diabetes
Mitotane Reference: 18651-100 An inhibitor of steroidogenesis that suppresses the growth of adrenocortical cells; blocks the expression of several genes that encode proteins involved in steroidogenesis and disrupts mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in human adrenocortical cells