Genistein

Cell-permeable, reversible, substrate competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (including EGFR phosphorylation), implicated in almost all cell growth and proliferation signal cascades [1]. Inhibitor of mammalian DNA topoisomerase II [2]. Anticancer agent, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [3]. Antiangiogenic agent, down-regulates the transcription of genes involved in controlling angiogenesis [12]. Binds estrogen receptor beta. Can increase the rate of growth of some ER expressing breast cancers [4, 10]. Potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor [5]. Anthelmintic [6]. Anti-diabetic. Activates nuclear receptors, oestrogen receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (all PPAR isoforms) and it inhibits various enzyme activities [7, 8, 14]. Inhibitor of GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [9]. Stimulator of autophagy vacuolization [12]. Antioxidant [13]. TRAIL sensitizer [15]. Acts as an agonist at the GPR30 receptor [16]. MALT1 inhibitor [17] DNA methyltransferase inhibitor [18]. Genistein exhibits synergistic antibacterial effects on MRSA [19].