Chenodeoxycholic acid

Cytotoxic hydrophobic primary bile acid [1]. Activator of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor that is hepatoprotective and regulates bile acid synthesis (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) suppression), conjugation and transport, as well as genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and [4-6, 14]. Bile acid-controlled signaling pathways are promising novel targets to treat such metabolic diseases as obesity, type II diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis [1, 8, 9, 12]. Inhibitor of 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) [10, 15]. Potent selective inhibitor of DD2 (AKR1C2) [3]. Potent inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1 dehydrogenase [7]. Changes tumor cell viability via IL-6 pathway [11]. Anticancer compound. Apoptosis inducer [13]. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory compound. Modulates oxidative stress [2, 16]. Differentiation regulator of mouse embryonic stem cells [17]. Used for dissolution of cholesterol gallstones.