Category: Proteins & Peptides

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GRO-gamma/CINC-2 alpha

Reference: E-65450

Recombinant Rat Growth Regulated Oncogene gamma (CINC-2 alpha, CXCL3)

IKB alpha peptide

Reference: GTX27546

Three major forms of IkB-like molecules have been identified and each is characterized by multiple copies of ankyrin repeats. IkB-alpha and IkB-beta appear to be the major regulatory forms of IkB in most cells. These proteins interact with p65 or c-Rel containing forms of NFkB and block nuclear import by masking the nuclear localization sequences of NFkB. The activation of NFkB involves the inducible phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkB. Immunoblotting easily detects the hyper-phosphorylated forms of IkB-alpha, but not phosphorylated IkB-beta. Interestingly, IkB-alpha and IkB-beta mediate different NFkB responses. IkB-alpha appears to control more transient activation of NFkB in response to an inducer, while IkB-beta controls a persistent response. Bcl-3 interacts with p5 and p52 containing forms of NFkB, but rather than being an inhibitor it appears to function to stimulate transcription. The degradation of IkB is confirmed by immunoblotting.

GRO-gamma/CINC-2 beta

Reference: E-65451

Recombinant Rat Growth Regulated Oncogene gamma (CINC-2 beta, CXCL3)

IKB beta peptide

Reference: GTX27548

Three major forms of IkB-like molecules have been identified and each is characterized by multiple copies of ankyrin repeats. IkB-alpha and IkB-beta appear to be the major regulatory forms of IkB in most cells. These proteins interact with p65 or c-Rel containing forms of NFkB and block nuclear import by masking the nuclear localization sequences of NFkB. The activation of NFkB involves the inducible phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkB. Immunoblotting easily detects the hyper-phosphorylated forms of IkB-alpha, but not phosphorylated IkB-beta. Interestingly, IkB-alpha and IkB-beta mediate different NFkB responses. IkB-alpha appears to control more transient activation of NFkB in response to an inducer, while IkB-beta controls a persistent response. Bcl-3 interacts with p5 and p52 containing forms of NFkB, but rather than being an inhibitor it appears to function to stimulate transcription. The degradation of IkB is confirmed by immunoblotting.

NFkB p50 peptide

Reference: GTX27550

NFkB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. NF-kB is a family of transcription factors that consists of homo- and heterodimers of NFkB1/p5 and RelA/p65 subunits, and controls a variety of cellular events including development and immune responses. All members share a conserved amino-terminus domain that includes dimerization, nuclear localization, and DNA binding regions, and a carboxy-terminal transactivation domain. Serines 529 and 536 in the transactivation domain of RelA/p65 are phosphorylated in response to several stimuli including phorbol ester, IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha as mediated by IkB kinase and p38 MAPK. Serine 529 is located in a negatively charged region (amino acids 422-54) that is phosphorylated in response to phorbol myristate acetate plus calcium ionophore activation. Phosphorylation of serines 529 and 536 is critical for RelA/p65 transcriptional activity. Activated NF-kB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NF-kB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NF-kB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth.

c-Rel peptide

Reference: GTX27557

c-Rel is the cellular cognate of v-Rel, the avian reticuloendo-theliosis virus strain T transforming gene. V-Rel encodes a 59kDa phosphoprotein that is located in the cytoplasm of transformed spleen cells and in the nucleus of non-transformed fibroblasts, in contrast to the c-Rel protein which is cytoplasmic. C-Rel was shown to represent a constituent of the kB site binding transcription factor NFkB, which plays a crucial role in the expression of immunoglobulin k light chain gene.

IKK alpha peptide

Reference: GTX27610

Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NFkB mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL1, TNFa, and bacteria product LPS. NFkB is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NFkB activity. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta). IKK alpha and IKK beta interact with each other and both are essential for the NFkB activation. IKK alpha specifically phosphorylates IkBa. IKKa is expressed in variety of human tissues.

CTGF peptide

Reference: GTX27861

CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) is a 38 kD, cysteine-rich, secreted peptide. It is a new member of the peptide family that include serum-induced immediate early gene products, a v-src-induced peptide, and a putative proto-oncogene. Among the many functions of the CTGF gene family are embryogenesis, wound healing, and regulation of extracellular matrix production.

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