Recombinant Human Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),partial

Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide . Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response . Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni2+. Responses triggered by Ni2+ require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific . Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 and HSP65 act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression . In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL- . Stimulation of monocytes in vitro with M.tuberculosis PstS1 induces p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation primarily via TLR2, but also partially via this receptor .