HMGB1 antibody [HAP46.5]

HMG1 and HMG2, chromatin non-histone high mobility group proteins 1 and 2, are 27 and 25 kDa members of a family of proteins containing multiple HMG-boxes, conserved domains of 8 amino acids which mediate DNA binding of many proteins. HMG box domains recognize DNA structure, such as prebent, supercoiled or four way junction DNA, and non- specific DNA sequences. Both HMG1 and HMG2 contain an N-terminal HMG box, a central HMG box, and an acidic carboxy terminus. The acidic tails of these proteins contain multiple serine residues which match the phosphorylation consensus sites of casein kinase II, and phosphorylation of this domain appears to be important for proper functioning of these proteins. HMG1/2 have been shown to facilitate the binding of various sequence-specific transcription factors to their respective DNA binding sites, such as steroid hormone receptors, p53, and Oct. HMG1/2 may serve as architectural factors that recognize and mediate DNA structural changes that accompany various events such as DNA repair, transcription and replication.