α-Pinene

A bicyclic monoterpene with diverse biological activities; reduces the growth of a panel of seven Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and eight yeast strains (MICs = 0.75-1.29, 1.05-1.59, and 0.7-1.17% v/v, respectively); has insecticidal activity against C. molestus larvae (LC50s = 47-49 mg/L); induces apoptosis, increases anion superoxide production and DNA fragmentation, and activates caspase-3 in B16/F10 melanoma cells at 100 μg/ml; reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules in a B16/F10 mouse xenograft model at 100 ml of a 10 mg/ml solution; increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice at 8.6 mg/L, aerosol,