X-Gal Reference: AG-CC1-0003 Molecular biology reagent. Chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. Used in gene cloning together with IPTG (Prod. No. AG-CC1-0002) to indicate whether a cell expresses the beta-galactosidase enzyme, which is encoded by the lacZ gene, in a technique called blue/white screening. Distinguishes between recombinant and non-recombinant plasmids carrying the beta-galactosidase gene. Used in two-hybrid analysis. X-Gal is used to determine E. coli and coliform content in drinking water samples.
n-Dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (ultrapure) Reference: AG-CC1-0004 Non-ionic detergent. For functional solubilization, purification and crystallography of membrane proteins. For the stabilization and activation of enzymes.
n-Octyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside (ultrapure) Reference: AG-CC1-0005 Non-ionic detergent. For functional solubilization, purification and crystallography of membrane proteins. The thioether linkage makes it resistant to degradation by beta-glucosidase enzymes. For the stabilization and activation of enzymes. Used for cell lysis experiments.
n-Dodecyl-alpha-D-maltoside (ultrapure) Reference: AG-CC1-0006 Non-ionic detergent. For functional solubilization, purification and crystallography of membrane proteins. For the stabilization and activation of enzymes.
MEGA-8 (ultrapure) Reference: AG-CC1-0007 Non-ionic water-soluble detergent with nondenaturing properties. Transparent in the UV region. Relatively high critical micelle concentration (CMC) value (79mM/l). Ideal for studying the conformation and function of proteins, keeping the secondary and tertiary structure intact, therefore suited for solubilizing membrane proteins without altering biological activity. Efficiently separates hydrophilic proteins from membrane spanning, hydrophobic proteins. Ideal for use as membrane protein solubilizer.
n-Octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (ultrapure) Reference: AG-CC1-0008 Non-ionic detergent for the functional solubilization, isolation, purification and crystallograpy of membrane proteins. Mild, non-denaturing detergent that is used for the solubilization and reconstitution of membrane-bound proteins in their native state and for the preparation of lipid vesicles. Its well-defined chemical structure, small uniform micelles and high water solubility make it superior to most other non-ionic detergents for membrane solubilization. The high critical micelle concentration (0.7%) of n-octylglucoside facilitates ready removal from final protein extracts by dialysis or gel filtration. Used in lysis and solubilisation buffers for bacterial lipoprotein preparations, mitochondrial extracts or for determination of protein content by BCA assay. Can be used in 2D electrophoresis and to improve selectivity of immunoprecipitation of phosphotyrosine modified proteins and to increase the resolution of proteins in 2D gels.
Prostaglandin E2 Reference: AG-CL1-0001 One of the most typical lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenase (COX) as the rate-limiting enzyme and acts on four kinds of receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) with high binding affinity (Kd values range between ~1-10nM). Regulator of numerous physiological functions ranging from reproduction to neuronal, metabolic and immune functions. Implied in the regulation of body temperature and sleep-wake activity. Regulating factor for bone formation and bone healing. Potent vasodilator. Influences smooth muscle relaxation, fertility and gastric mucosal integrity (first line of defense of the intestinal immune system). Acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator, but also exerts anti-inflammatory responses. As pro-inflammatory mediator, PGE2 contributes to the regulation of the cytokine expression profile of DCs and has been reported to bias T cell differentiation towards a T helper (Th) 1 or Th2 response. Exerts anti-inflammatory actions on innate immune cells like neutrophils, monocytes and NK cells. Implicated in various tumorigenic processes. Facilitates tumor progression through stimulation of angiogenesis via EP2, mediates cell invasion and metastasis formation via EP4 and promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis via numerous signaling pathways. Tumor cell-produced PGE2 has been implicated in strategies of tumors for evasion of immune surveillance. Furthermore, it can enhance the inhibitory function of human regulatory T cells. Regulates vertebrate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Inhibits NLRP3 by acting through receptor EP4 activation that increases cAMP. cAMP activates PKA that phosphorylates NLRP3 at serine 295. PKA phosphorylation of NLRP3 inhibits the NLRP3 ATPase activity, which is required for assembly of NLRP3-ASC complexes.
Ageladine A . trifluoracetate Reference: AG-CMA-1001 Non-toxic, pH-sensitive fluorescent dye (blue-green range) for live imaging of pH alteration in acidic organelles, vesicles, cells, tissue and even small whole animals over several days without side effects [2,4,5,7-9]. Stronger fluorescent intensity under acidic conditions and barely detectable in alkaline solutions (wide range from pH 4 to pH 8) [2]. Highly cell/membrane permeable. Trapped within the cells and acidic organelles through hydrophobic interactions with the inner side of the membranes [2]. Barely metabolized and long-term stable, thus slow photobleaching [9]. Angiogenesis inhibitor [1,3,6]. Inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1,-2,-8,-9,-12,-13 [1, 3-6]. TYK2, DYRK2,Dyrk1A, YSK4 and RPS6KA1/2 inhibitor [3,5,6].
LysoGlow84™ Reference: AG-CMA-1005 Cell/membrane permeable, non-toxic, pH-sensitive fluorescent dye (blue-green range) for live imaging of pH alteration in acidic organelles, lysosomes, autophagolysosomes, vesicles, cells, tissue and even small, transparent whole animals without side effects. Useful as intracellular pH indicator with a wide range of fluorescence (pH 3 to pH 13). pH-dependent dual-emission peaks, can be used for ratiometric evaluation of pH (F400/440). No esterases are involved, therefore no toxic by-products occur. Long-term stable; is barely metabolized. Fluorescence co-localizes with LysoTracker® Red DND-99. (LysoTracker® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.)
Skyrin Reference: AG-CN2-0001 Non-peptidic anti-diabetic agent [1]. Receptor-selective glucagon antagonist [1]. Free radical species (·OH, R·) and singlet oxygen (1O2) scavenger [2]. Mycotoxin [3, 4]. Cytotoxic [3, 4]. Antioxidant [2]. Inhibitor of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNTA) [5]. Anti-MRSA compound [6]. Antibiotic [7].
Thapsigargin (high purity) Reference: AG-CN2-0003 Intracellular Ca2+ signaling probe [1]. Specific and sensitive inhibitor of SERCA [2]. Non-TPA/PMA tumor promoter [3]. Histamine release inducer [4]. Apoptosis inducer [5, 6, 7, 8]. Mitochondrial dysfunction inducer [6, 8]. NOS modulator [9]. Angiogenesis inhibitor [10]. Stimulator of arachidonic acid metabolism in macrophages [11]. Autophagy inducer [12, 13]. TRAIL sensitizer [14]. Inducer of ER-stress in the brain.
Zerumbone Reference: AG-CN2-0004 Chemopreventive probe. Apoptosis inducer. Potent anti-tumor compound. Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating COX-2 and iNOS expression via modulation of NF-kappaB activation. Antinociceptive. Potential therapeutic agent for osteoporosis and cancer-associated bone loss. Stimulator of the ATPase activity of Hsp90.