Active Recombinant Human Leptin/LEP Protein Reference: RP00028 Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by white adipocytes, and which plays a major role in the regulation of body weight. This protein, which acts through the leptin receptor, functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. This protein also has several endocrine functions, and is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing. Mutations in this protein and/or its regulatory regions cause severe obesity, and morbid obesity with hypogonadism. This protein has also been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus development.
Recombinant Human RBBP-4 Protein Reference: RP00029 Histone-binding protein RBBP4, also known as Retinoblastoma-binding protein 4, Retinoblastoma-binding protein p48, Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit C, Chromatin assembly factor I p48 subunit, Nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit RBAP48 and RBBP4, is a nucleus protein which belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.It is present in protein complexes involved in histone acetylation and chromatin assembly. It is part of the Mi-2 complex which has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression associated with histone deacetylation. This encoded protein is also part of co-repressor complexes, which is an integral component of transcriptional silencing. It is found among several cellular proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein to regulate cell proliferation. This protein also seems to be involved in transcriptional repression of E2F-responsive genes.
Recombinant Human IL-36Ra/IL-1F5 Protein Reference: RP00030 Interleukin-1 family member 5 (IL-1F5), also known as interleukin 36 receptor antagonist (IL36RA), is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine was shown to specifically inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB induced by interleukin 1 family, member 6 (IL1F6). IL-1F5 is a highly and a specific antagonist of the IL-1 receptor-related protein 2-mediated response to interleukin 1 family member 9 (IL1F9). IL-1F5 could constitute part of an independent signaling system analogous to interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1A), beta (IL-1B) receptor agonist and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1), which is present in epithelial barriers and takes part in local inflammatory response. It has been proved that IL-1F5 induces IL-4 mRNA and protein expression in glia in vitro and enhances hippocampal expression of IL-4 following intracerebroventricular injection. The inhibitory effect of IL-1F5 on LPS-induced IL-1β is attenuated in cells from IL-4-defective mice.
Recombinant Human GMF-beta Protein Reference: RP00031 GMFB is a nerve growth factor which belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family, GMF subfamily.GMFB is involved in nervous system development, angiogenesis and immune function. It is especially crucial for the nervous system. GMFB causes brain cell differentiation, stimulates neural regeneration and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. GMFB overexpression in astrocytes results in the increase of BDNF production.
Recombinant Human IkB-alpha/NFKBIA Protein Reference: RP00032 This protein is a member of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which contain multiple ankrin repeat domains. The protein is interacts with REL dimers to inhibit NF-kappa-B/REL complexes which are involved in inflammatory responses. The protein moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal and CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Mutations in this gene have been found in ectodermal dysplasia anhidrotic with T-cell immunodeficiency autosomal dominant disease.
Active Recombinant Human Somatotropin/GH-N/GH1 Protein Reference: RP00033 Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a member of a family of growth factors that includes prolactin, placental lactogens, proliferins, and somatolactin. It is synthesized primarily by somatotropes in the anterior pituitary and is stored in secretary granules. The pulsatile release of GH into circulation is regulated by the concerted actions of the hypothalamic hormones - GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SST) - as well as by signals from the periphery - ghrelin and leptin. Human GH is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts its biological actions by binding to the transmembrane GH receptor, which is present in many cell types. GH stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce IGF-1, which regulates growth and metabolism. GH has also been shown to have direct effects on growth that is independent of IGF-1. GH, directly or indirectly via IGF-1, can act on B cells, T cells, NK cells, macrophages and neutrophils to exert immunomodulatory activities. In addition, GH can act directly on various cell types to induce lipolysis, lactation, amino acid uptake and protein synthesis.
Active Recombinant Human Carbonic anhydrase 2 Protein Reference: RP00034 The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) are classified as metalloenzyme for its zinc ion prosthetic group and form a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, a reversible reaction that takes part in maintaining acid-base balance in blood and other tissues. CA2 is a cytosolic enzyme with the highest activity among all known CAs. Mutations in the CA2 gene result in the CA II deficiency syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder that produces osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification.
Recombinant Human IL36 gamma/IL-1F9 Protein Reference: RP00035 The protein is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. The activity of this cytokine is mediated by interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL1RL2/IL1R-rp2), and is specifically inhibited by interleukin 1 family, member 5 (IL1F5/IL-1 delta). Interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B) are reported to stimulate the expression of this cytokine in keratinocytes. The expression of this cytokine in keratinocytes can also be induced by a contact hypersensitivity reaction or herpes simplex virus infection.
Active Recombinant Human Thioredoxin/SASP/TXN Protein Reference: RP00036 Thioredoxin, also known as ATL-derived factor, Surface-associated sulphydryl protein, SASP and TXN, is a nucleus, cytoplasm and secreted protein which belongs to the thioredoxin family. Trx-1 is the only extracellular occurring thioredoxin, and is secreted by lymphocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and several tumor cells. Plasma concentrations of Trx-1 are up to 6 nM . In cells, Trx-1 is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Small amounts have been detected in the nucleus and in association with the outside surface of the cells. Biological functions of Trx-1 include growth factor activity, antioxidant properties, a cofactor that provides reducing equivalents, and transcriptional regulation.
Recombinant Human Sulfotransferase 1A1/SULT1A1 Protein Reference: RP00037 Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds.Particularly SULT1A1 (Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1), a member of the sulfotransferase 1 subfamily, which is a major pathway for drug metabolism in humans. Statistically significant associations were observed between the SULT1A1 genotype (Arg213His) and age, obesity and certain neoplasias (mammary, pulmonary, esophageal and urothelial cancer). Furthermore, the polymorphism of the SULT1A1 may be closely associated with breast cancer.
Recombinant Human IL-16 Protein Reference: RP00038 The protein is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant, a modulator of T cell activation, and an inhibitor of HIV replication. The biological activities ascribed to IL-16 are reported to be dependent on the cell surface expression of CD4, suggesting that IL-16 is a CD4 ligand. Besides its chemotactic properties, IL-16 has also been shown to suppress HIV-1 replication in vitro. Recombinant E. coli-derived IL-16 produced at is present mostly as a monomer, exhibits chemotactic activity for lymphocytes at high concentrations, lacks chemotactic activites for monocytes, and binds the extracellular domain of CD4 with low affinity.
Recombinant Human cAspAT/AATC/GOT1 Protein Reference: RP00040 Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology.