IRAK2 peptide Reference: GTX26232 The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 induces cellular response through two subunits of its receptor, IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) mediates activation of NF-kB, which is a pivotal transcription factor mediating inflammatory and immune response. A novel member in the IRAK/Pelle family was recently identified and designated IRAK2. Both IRAK and IRAK2 recruit to the subunits of the IL-1R complex after IL-1 binding and lead to NF-kB activation. IRAKs also associate with Toll-like receptor (TLR) and the dominant negative mutants of IRAKs inhibit LPS-induced NF-kB activation. Members in the IRAK/Pelle family play a central role in IL-1R and TLR mediated inflammatory response. IRAK2 is expressed in a variety of human tissues.
IRAK2 peptide Reference: GTX26233 The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 induces cellular response through two subunits of its receptor, IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) mediates activation of NF-kB, which is a pivotal transcription factor mediating inflammatory and immune response. A novel member in the IRAK/Pelle family was recently identified and designated IRAK2. Both IRAK and IRAK2 recruit to the subunits of the IL-1R complex after IL-1 binding and lead to NF-kB activation. IRAKs also associate with Toll-like receptor (TLR) and the dominant negative mutants of IRAKs inhibit LPS-induced NF-kB activation. Members in the IRAK/Pelle family play a central role in IL-1R and TLR mediated inflammatory response. IRAK2 is expressed in a variety of human tissues.
ENA-78 (CXCL5, LIX), rat, Reference: E-65230 Recombinant Rat Epithelial Neutrophil Activating Peptide-78 (CXCL5, LIX)
Livin peptide Reference: GTX26234 Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is related to many diseases, such as cancer. Apoptosis is triggered by a variety of stimuli including members in the TNF family and prevented by the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins. IAP proteins form a conserved gene family that binds to and inhibits cell death proteases. A novel member in the IAP protein family was recently identified and designated Livin and KIAP for kidney IAP. Livin / XIAP contains a single baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain and a RING finger domain and has two isoforms termed Livin alpha and Livin beta. Transfection of Livin in cells resulted in protection from apoptosis induced by FADD, BAX, RIP, RIP 3 and DR6. Livin has direct interaction with several caspases including caspase 3, 7, and 9. Livin inhibits the activation of caspase 9 induced by Apaf 1, cytochrome c, and dATP. The two isoforms of Livin appear to have different functions and tissue distributions.
MTBP peptide Reference: GTX26235 The p53 tumor-suppressor gene integrates numerous signals that control cell life and death. Several novel molecules involved in p53 network, including Chk2, p53R2, p53AIP1, Noxa, PIDD, PID/MTA2 and MTBP, were recently discovered. The transcriptional activity of p53 is modulated by post translational regulation of the p53 protein including stabilization and acetylation. P53 transcriptionally activates MDM2 gene then the translated MDM2 protein binds to p53 and promotes the degradation of p53 leading to lowering the concentration of p53 protein. MDM2 inhibits both p53 mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis. A recently discovered protein termed MTBP was found to bind to MDM2 and to inhibit the modulation effect of MDM2 on p53. MTBP is expressed in a variety of normal tissues.
NAK / TBK1 peptide Reference: GTX26236 Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NF-kB mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli. NF-kB is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NF-kB activity. Phosphorylation of I-kB by IkBkinase (IKK) complex leads to degradation of I-kB and activation of NF-kB. The IKK complex contains IKKa, IKKb, and IKKg. A novel IKK related kinase was recently identified and designated TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), NAK (NF-kB-activating kinase), and T2K. NAK/TBK1 activates IKKb through direct phosphorylation. NAK/TBK1 is activated by growth factors and PMA and mediates IKK and NF-kB activation in response to growth factors. NAK/TBK1 functions upstream of NIK and the IKK complex. NAK/TBK1 is also critical in protecting embryonic liver from apoptosis.
p53R2 peptide Reference: GTX26237 The p53 tumor-suppressor gene integrates numerous signals that control cell life and death. Several novel molecules involved in p53 signaling, including p53R2, Chk2, p53AIP1, Noxa, PIDD, and PID/MTA2, were recently discovered. p53R2 is a p53 inducible gene that contains a p53 binding sequence and encodes a subunit of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. p53R2 is induced by ultraviolet and g-irradiation that cause DNA damage. The product of p53R2 gene is directly involved in the p53 checkpoint for repair of damaged DNA. The isoform of the p53 family member p73 also induces p53R2 expression. p53R2 is an important target of p53 for tumour suppression.