GFR alpha 3 peptide Reference: GTX26100 Members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family including GDNF and neurturin (NTN) play essential roles in the control of vertebrate neuron survival and differentiation. A new member of the GDNF family was recently identified and designated persephin. Physiological responses to these neurotrophic factors require two receptor subunits, the novelglycosylphosphadidylinositol linked protein GFRa and Ret receptor tyrosine kinase GFRb. Following the discovery of GFRa-1 and -2, a novel receptor in GFRa family was identified recently in human and mouse and designated GFRa-3. GFRa-3 binds persephin, thus, persephin, GFRa-3, and Ret PTK form a complex to transduce persephin signal and to mediate persephin function.
MCP-1 (CCL2), rat, recombinant Reference: E-64030 Recombinant Rat Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2)
GPR15 peptide Reference: GTX26101 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and related viruses require co-receptors to infect target cells. Some G protein coupled receptors, including CCR5, CXCR4, CCR3, CCR2b and CCR8 in the chemokine receptor family, and four new human molecules GPR15, STRL33, GPR1 and V28 were recently identified as HIV co-receptors. The genes encoding human and monkey GPR15/BOB (for G protein-coupled receptor 15 and brother of Bonzo, respectively) were recently cloned. This novel G protein coupled receptor serves as co-receptor for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and for strains of HIV-2 and M-tropic HIV-1. The ligand for GPR15 has not been identified yet.
ICAD peptide Reference: GTX26103 Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adaptor molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. A human DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) was identified recently which was cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis. Mouse homologue of human DFF was identified as a DNase inhibitor designated ICAD, for inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase. Upon cleavage of DFF/ICAD, a caspase activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD) is released and activated and eventually causes the degradation of DNA in the nuclei. Therefore, the cleavage of CAD inhibitor molecule DFF/ICAD, which causes DNase activation and DNA degradation, is the hallmark of apoptotic cell death.
IL1RAP blocking peptide Reference: GTX26104 The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 induced cellular response requires two subunits of its receptor, IL-1receptor I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). IL-1RAP forms a complex with IL-1RI in response to IL-1 treatment. The IL-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK), which mediates activation of NF-kB inducing kinae (NIK) and of NF-kB, recruits to the IL-1Rcomplex through IL-1RAP. IL-1 activation of stress activated protein kinase and of acid sphingomyelinase also requires IL-1RAP. Like IL-1RI, IL-1RAP subunit is essential for IL-1 mediated cellular response. IL-1RAP is expressed in many tissues.
IL1RAP blocking peptide Reference: GTX26105 The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 induced cellular response requires two subunits of its receptor, IL-1receptor I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). IL-1RAP forms a complex with IL-1RI in response to IL-1 treatment. The IL-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK), which mediates activation of NF-kB inducing kinae (NIK) and of NF-kB, recruits to the IL-1Rcomplex through IL-1RAP. IL-1 activation of stress activated protein kinase and of acid sphingomyelinase also requires IL-1RAP. Like IL-1RI, IL-1RAP subunit is essential for IL-1 mediated cellular response. IL-1RAP is expressed in many tissues.
CIKS peptide Reference: GTX26138 CIKS (for connection to IKK and SAPK / JNK), also called Act 1 (for NFkappaB Activator 1), is a novel protein that associates with and activates IKK (IkappaB kinase). CIKS / Act1 also activates ATF (Activating Transcription Factor) and AP-1 (Activator Protein 1) through Jun Kinase (JNK). CIKS / Act 1 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues.