Trident PBS (tablets) Reference: GTX48887 Pre-measured tablets for convenient preparation of 1X PBS solution, pH 7.3-7.5. Each tablet prepares 100 ml of a 1X solution. 1X PBS Solution contains 10mM Phosphate Buffer, 137mM Sodium Chloride, and 2.7mM Potassium Chloride.
TBS (20X) Reference: GTX48889 This product is sufficient to prepare 10 L of 1X Tris Buffered Saline. At 25ºC, 1X TBS will have a pH between 7.25 and 7.55 and contain 450-550 mM Tris.
Blocking Buffer, TBS with 1% Casein Reference: GTX48879 GeneTex's Casein Blocking Buffers are ready-to-use, PBS or TBS solutions of purified casein protein for blocking steps in Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and nucleic acid detection methods.These blocking buffers contains casein protein that is purified from milk by the Hammarsten method. The phosphate- and Tris-buffered saline formulations are used for blocking excess binding sites on membranes and microplates in antibody-based detection methods. Blocker Casein Buffers are 1% (w/v) casein, which corresponds to the optimal concentration for most applications.Features and Benefits: ‧ Purified casein – single-protein blocking buffer provides fewer chances of cross-reaction with assay components than serum or milk solutions ‧ Easy to use – 1% casein solutions are ready to use; can be diluted further as needed ‧ Flexible – available in PBS and TBS formulations to suit a variety of applications ‧ Safe – stable, thimerosal-free formulations
Blocking Buffer, PBS with BSA (10X) Reference: GTX48881 GeneTex's BSA Blocking Buffers are ready-to-use, 10X PBS or TBS solutions of bovine serum albumin protein for blocking steps in Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and nucleic acid detection methods.These blocking buffers are 10% (w/v) solutions of high-quality BSA that are useful for saturating excess protein-binding sites on membranes and microplates in immunoassays. Blocker BSA Buffers are most frequently diluted 10-fold (to 1% BSA) for initial testing, but other buffer concentrations can be beneficial for specific systems. BSA is usually more effective than nonfat milk blocking buffers for biotin-avidin systems because it contains a single purified protein that is devoid endogenous biotin.The purpose of the blocking step in an assay is to improve assay sensitivity by reducing background interference. However, unforeseen cross-reaction of detection reagents with blocking buffers is itself a cause of high background and low signal-to-noise ratios in assay systems. Because individual blocking buffers are not compatible with every system, a variety of blockers in both Tris-buffered saline (TBS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) are available. The best blocking buffer for a specific experiment will bind to all potential sites of nonspecific interaction, eliminating background without altering or obscuring the epitope for antibody binding.To optimize the blocking step for a particular immunoassay, empirical testing is essential. Using inadequate amounts of blocker will result in excessive background. Using an excessive blocker concentration can mask antibody-antigen interactions or inhibit the marker enzyme. For best results when developing a new immunoassay, test several different blocking agents for the highest signal-to-noise ratio in the assay. There is no single blocking agent that is ideal for every occasion because many factors can influence nonspecific binding, including various protein interactions unique to a specific assay system.Features and Benefits: ‧ Purified protein – 10% solutions of high-quality bovine serum albumin; a single purified protein provides fewer chances of cross-reaction with assay components than serum or milk solutions ‧ Convenient – concentrated formulation saves storage space and can be diluted easily to obtain optimal blocking results for specific applications ‧ Easy to use – no waiting for powder to dissolve with this ready-to-dilute liquid concentrate ‧ Flexible – available in PBS and TBS formulations to suit a variety of applications
Blocking Buffer, TBS with 5% Milk Reference: GTX48883 GeneTex's WB Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use 5% solution of nonfat powdered milk in Tris-buffered saline for using in Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and other detection methods.The purpose of the blocking step in an assay is to improve assay sensitivity by reducing background interference. However, unforeseen cross-reaction of detection reagents with blocking buffers is itself a cause of high background and low signal-to-noise ratios in assay systems. Because individual blocking buffers are not compatible with every system, a variety of blockers in both Tris-buffered saline (TBS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) are available. The best blocking buffer for a specific experiment will bind to all potential sites of nonspecific interaction, eliminating background without altering or obscuring the epitope for antibody binding.To optimize the blocking step for a particular immunoassay, empirical testing is essential. Using inadequate amounts of blocker will result in excessive background. Using an excessive blocker concentration can mask antibody-antigen interactions or inhibit the marker enzyme. For best results when developing a new immunoassay, test several different blocking agents for the highest signal-to-noise ratio in the assay. There is no single blocking agent that is ideal for every occasion because many factors can influence nonspecific binding, including various protein interactions unique to a specific assay system.Features and Benefits: ‧ Popular – nonfat milk has been used for many years in a variety of protein methods, although it is not recommended for avidin-based techniques because it contains some endogenous biotin ‧ Convenient – supplied as a ready-to-use 1X TBS solution; can be diluted as needed ‧ Easy to use – formulated with anti-foaming agent and thimerosal-free preservative ‧ Flexible – may be used for multiple applications, including as a diluent for antibody
10X ImmunoStain wash buffer Reference: GTX73344001 Optimal immunostaining not only depends on the specificity of the primary antibody and other immunoreagents but also depends on obtaining a good signal to noise ratio. Binding of an antibody to its epitopes involves van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces and hydrophobic forces. Certain antibodies have tendency to bind loosely and nonspecifically to unrelated epitopes, which can create undesired background staining. In order to remove these nonspecifically bound antibodies, a thorough washing is required after each immunostaining step. Immuno Wash Buffer is specifically designed to remove such loosely bound antibodies effectively and efficiently and to provide a cleaner background staining.