Category: Antibodies

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Reference: ARG30252

Dengue virus NS1 protein is a nonstructural protein which could be secreted and have been developed as diagnostic biomarker for early detection. There are several forms of NS1 including monomer, dimer, and hexamer during infection. Dimeric NS1 can be anchored to cell membranes with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI). Hexameric NS1 can be secreted and detected in patients' blood samples (up to 50 μg/mL) or infected cell supernatants (various from ng/mL to μg/mL depend on serotypes and strains). Studies have shown that NS1 could interfere complement activity and prothrombin activation. In addition, NS1 could elicit antibodies which cross-react with host antigens including coagulation factors and molecules expressed in endothelial cells and platelets through molecular mimic.

Reference: ARG30260

This gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins- high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, bradykinin, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. Bradykinin also functions as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

Reference: ARG30264

ERK1 is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]ERK2 is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this kinase requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. One study also suggests that this protein acts as a transcriptional repressor independent of its kinase activity. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]