5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) DNA Matched Antibody Pair Reference: REV-31-1354-MK 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) is a recently discovered modification of DNA. Just as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is generated when the Tet family of cytosine oxygenase enzymes converts 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), it has been shown that continued activity of the Tet proteins on hydroxymethylcytosine will generate 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine. It is believed that this conversion process may represent a pathway of DNA demethylation.
5-Formylcytosines (5-fC) DNA Matched Antibody Pair Reference: REV-31-1369-MK 5-Formylcytosine (5fC) is a pyrimidine nitrogen base derived from cytosine and a recently discovered modification of DNA. Just as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is generated when the Tet family of cytosine oxygenase enzymes converts 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), it has been shown that continued activity of the Tet proteins on hydroxymethylcytosine will generate 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine. It is believed that this conversion process may represent a pathway of DNA demethylation.
IL1 alpha ELISA pair [MT641/642/MT513] Reference: GTX03066 The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL12B / IL12 p40 ELISA pair [C15.6/C17.8] Reference: GTX03075 This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL13 ELISA pair [IL13-I/IL13-3] Reference: GTX03077 This gene encodes an immunoregulatory cytokine produced primarily by activated Th2 cells. This cytokine is involved in several stages of B-cell maturation and differentiation. It up-regulates CD23 and MHC class II expression, and promotes IgE isotype switching of B cells. This cytokine down-regulates macrophage activity, thereby inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This cytokine is found to be critical to the pathogenesis of allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms independent of IgE and eosinophils. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL4, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL2 ELISA pair [MT2A91/2C95/MT8G10] Reference: GTX03081 The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL27 ELISA pair [MT27/361/MT140] Reference: GTX03086 The protein encoded by this gene is one of the subunits of a heterodimeric cytokine complex. This protein is related to interleukin 12A (IL12A). It interacts with Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3), a protein similar to interleukin 12B (IL12B), and forms a complex that has been shown to drive rapid expansion of naive but not memory CD4(+) T cells. The complex is also found to synergize strongly with interleukin 12 to trigger interferon gamma (IFNG) production of naive CD4(+) T cells. The biological effects of this cytokine are mediated by the class I cytokine receptor (WSX1/TCRR). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL4 ELISA pair [11B11/BVD6-24G2] Reference: GTX03092 The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]