22RV1 Whole Cell Lysate (human) Reference: REV-RM-CL07 The 22Rv1 cell line is a human prostate carcinoma cell line that was established from a xenograft initiated by the inoculation of a hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line, CWR22, into athymic nude mice. The CWR22 xenograft was derived from a primary prostate carcinoma. Upon regression after castration and subsequent relapse, the 22Rv1 cell line was established from the relapsed tumor, which exhibited androgen-independent growth. 22Rv1 cells express the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), essential markers in prostate cancer research and therapeutic targeting. Notably, this cell line contains a variant form of the AR known as AR-V7. This splice variant lacks the ligand-binding domain, enabling it to remain constitutively active and contribute to the androgen-independent proliferation of 22Rv1 cells, a critical aspect of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The 22Rv1 cell line is extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer growth, a key challenge in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. 22Rv1 cells have facilitated significant advancements in understanding the molecular biology of CRPC, including the role of AR variants in resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming this resistance. In summary, the 22Rv1 cell line, serves as a critical model for studying CRPC. Exhibiting androgen-independent growth, these cells express key prostate cancer markers such as AR and PSA, and notably contain the AR-V7 variant, which is constitutively active due to the absence of the ligand-binding domain. The 22Rv1 cell line's unique properties make it invaluable for exploring the transition from androgen-dependent to independent growth in prostate cancer, and thereby aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches to tackle advanced stages of the disease.
IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0262 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 Superkine (Fc) is an artificial variant of IL-2 called H9, containing mutations at positions L80F / R81D / L85V / I 86V / I92F. These mutations are located in the molecule's core that acts to stabilize the structure and to give it a receptor-binding conformation mimicking native IL-2 bound to CD25. These mutations effectively eliminate the functional requirement of IL-2 for CD25 expression and elicit proliferation of T cells. Compared to IL-2, the IL-2 superkine induces superior expansion of cytotoxic T cells, leading to improved anti-tumor responses in vivo, and elicits proportionally less toxicity by lowering the expansion of T-regulatory cells and reducing pulmonary oedema. The protein IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 Superkine:Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0263 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens.IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 is used in the treatment of metastatic cancer cells. Recently synergy has been observed between IL-2 based therapy and checkpoint blockade for cancer treatments. Cells which bear receptors for IL-2 stimulation are modulated by checkpoint inhibition either directly or through other lymphocytes, and lymphocytes which are effectors of checkpoint inhibition may respond to IL-2. The protein IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0264 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens.IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 is used in the treatment of metastatic cancer cells. Recently synergy has been observed between IL-2 based therapy and checkpoint blockade for cancer treatments. Cells which bear receptors for IL-2 stimulation are modulated by checkpoint inhibition either directly or through other lymphocytes, and lymphocytes which are effectors of checkpoint inhibition may respond to IL-2. The protein IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 (mouse):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0266 Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a 19 kDa monomeric protein. IL-11 forms a hexameric signaling complex, which consists of the cytokine, the cognate receptor (IL-11Ralpha) and the common signaling receptor (GP130) in a 2:2:2 stoichiometry. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines, which includes IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, Oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, neuropoietin, IL-27 and IL-31. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has diverse biological activities: i) it stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, enhances the production of megakaryocytes, leading to increased platelet production (thrombopoiesis); ii) IL-11 activates fibroblasts and exhibits either a pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic phenotype. Recently, IL-11 has been shown to be a key factor in 'inflammaging' (chronic inflammation), one of the hallmarks of aging leading to age-related illnesses, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, musculoskeletal dysfunction and cancer. Inhibition of IL-11 has been shown to increase lifespan and health span in mice. IL-11 influences aging by inducing IL-33 in fibroblasts and NLRP3 in macrophages. The protein IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-11 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 50 kDa) and one encoding for the Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.