IL-21 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0258 IL-21 is a monomeric 15kDa cytokine, identified as a multifunctional cytokine principally produced by follicular helper T (Tfh), T helper 17 (Th17) and natural killer (NK) cells, but also by CD8+ T cells. As a receptor for IL-21, IL-21R, a class I cytokine heterodimeric receptor, shares a common cytokine receptor gamma chain with other cytokine families, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15. The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) is heterodimeric (composed of an alpha and gamma-chain) and physiologically expressed on immune cells (T and B cells, macrophages, DCs, thymocytes and splenocytes). Upon binding to its receptor, IL-21 induces strong and sustained activation of STAT3, which is critical for its effects on B cell and T cell differentiation. IL-21 produced by follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH) acts directly on B cells to generate high-affinity, class-switched antibodies. IL-21 is important for the maturation of T and B cells in Germinal Centers (GCs) and supports the formation of antigen-specific memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. The formation of Th17 cells is promoted by IL-21. IL-21 is an important key factor in chronic inflammatory and in autoantibody-mediated skin diseases, where Th17, Th1, Tfh or B cells are critically involved. IL-21 is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for cancer. CD8+ T cells expressing IL-21R fight cancer and drive autoimmune disease. IL-21 promotes maturation, enhances cytotoxicity and induces the production of IFN-gamma and perforin by NK cells. IL-21 is known to directly induce apoptosis in certain types of lymphoma. Finally, IL-21 is used in adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells (TILs cells) and IL-21 induced a long-lived memory phenotype compared to the cells not treated with IL-21. The protein IL-21 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-21 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 53kDa) and one encoding for the Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 30kDa). Both vectors transfected into CHO cells produce both Fc (LALA-PG) molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-21 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
Streptavidin (APC) Reference: ANC-253-060 Streptavidin APC can be used in conjunction with biotinylated antibodies as an avidin/biotin labeling system for flow cytometry.
CD56(trn) (human)-muIg Fusion Protein (Biotin) Reference: ANC-522-030 Human CD56 is an adhesion molecule from the Ig superfamily which is restricted to NK cells in the immune system. It is believed that NK cells form a first line of defense against tumor cells and cells infected with bacteria and viruses.
IL-33 (oxidation resistant) (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0259 Interleukin-33 (IL-33; HF-NEV; IL-1F11), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released upon cell lysis. IL-33 binds to and signals through ST2 (IL-1R1) and its stimulation recruits MYD88, IRAK, IRAK4 and TRAF6, followed by phosphorylation of ERK1 (MAPK3) / ERK2 (MAPK1), p38 (MAPK14) and JNK. The ability of IL-33 to target numerous immune cell types, like Th2-like cells, mast cells and B1 cells, and to induce cytokine and chemokine production underlines its potential in influencing the outcome of a wide range of diseases, such as arthritis, asthma, atopic allergy & anaphylaxis, cardiovascular disease/atherosclerosis, nervous system diseases and sepsis. IL-33 facilitates Treg expansion in vitro and in vivo. Recently, IL-33 has been involved in adipocyte differentiation. The biological activity of IL-33 at its receptor ST2 is rapidly terminated in the extracellular environment by its oxidation (formation of two disulfide bridges), resulting in an extensive conformational change that disrupts the ST2 binding site. Mutations at amino acids C208S/C232S protect IL-33 from oxidation and increase its activity. The protein IL-33 (oxidation resistant) (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-33 (human) (oxidation resistant):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 55kDa) and one encoding for the Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization and for secretion of the final protein IL-33 (oxidation resistant) (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-4 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0261 Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a monomeric TH2 cytokine of approximately 17 kDa that shows pleiotropic effects during immune responses. It functions as a potent regulator of immunity. IL-4 was first identified as a T cell-derived growth factor for B cells. IL-4 and IL-13 activate many common signaling pathways. IL-4 is mainly produced by Th2 cells, but can also be secreted by natural killer T (NKT) cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and innate-type lymphoid cells. IL-4 can signal through the type II IL-4 receptor, which is a heterodimer of IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 chains, and also through the type I IL-4 receptor, which is a heterodimer of IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) and common gamma(gammac) chains. IL-4 binding results in tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK3 activation. IL-4 and IL-13 may be involved at several levels of the fibrotic process since they activate the fibroblasts that differentiate into myofibroblasts, and they stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production and deposition. IL-4 functions as a co-mitogen of B-cells. It is important in leukocyte survival, Th2 cell-mediated immunity, IgE class switching in B cells, and tissue repair and homeostasis through “alternative” macrophage activation. The protein IL-4 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-4 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 50kDa) and one encoding for the Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-4 (human) (monomeric):Fc-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
22RV1 Whole Cell Lysate (human) Reference: REV-RM-CL07 The 22Rv1 cell line is a human prostate carcinoma cell line that was established from a xenograft initiated by the inoculation of a hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line, CWR22, into athymic nude mice. The CWR22 xenograft was derived from a primary prostate carcinoma. Upon regression after castration and subsequent relapse, the 22Rv1 cell line was established from the relapsed tumor, which exhibited androgen-independent growth. 22Rv1 cells express the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), essential markers in prostate cancer research and therapeutic targeting. Notably, this cell line contains a variant form of the AR known as AR-V7. This splice variant lacks the ligand-binding domain, enabling it to remain constitutively active and contribute to the androgen-independent proliferation of 22Rv1 cells, a critical aspect of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The 22Rv1 cell line is extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer growth, a key challenge in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. 22Rv1 cells have facilitated significant advancements in understanding the molecular biology of CRPC, including the role of AR variants in resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming this resistance. In summary, the 22Rv1 cell line, serves as a critical model for studying CRPC. Exhibiting androgen-independent growth, these cells express key prostate cancer markers such as AR and PSA, and notably contain the AR-V7 variant, which is constitutively active due to the absence of the ligand-binding domain. The 22Rv1 cell line's unique properties make it invaluable for exploring the transition from androgen-dependent to independent growth in prostate cancer, and thereby aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches to tackle advanced stages of the disease.
IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0262 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 Superkine (Fc) is an artificial variant of IL-2 called H9, containing mutations at positions L80F / R81D / L85V / I 86V / I92F. These mutations are located in the molecule's core that acts to stabilize the structure and to give it a receptor-binding conformation mimicking native IL-2 bound to CD25. These mutations effectively eliminate the functional requirement of IL-2 for CD25 expression and elicit proliferation of T cells. Compared to IL-2, the IL-2 superkine induces superior expansion of cytotoxic T cells, leading to improved anti-tumor responses in vivo, and elicits proportionally less toxicity by lowering the expansion of T-regulatory cells and reducing pulmonary oedema. The protein IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 Superkine:Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 Superkine (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0263 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens.IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 is used in the treatment of metastatic cancer cells. Recently synergy has been observed between IL-2 based therapy and checkpoint blockade for cancer treatments. Cells which bear receptors for IL-2 stimulation are modulated by checkpoint inhibition either directly or through other lymphocytes, and lymphocytes which are effectors of checkpoint inhibition may respond to IL-2. The protein IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0264 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with one intramolecular disulfide bond and variable glycosylation. It is secreted by activated T cells and induces proliferation and maturation of activated T cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. IL-2 also stimulates proliferation of antibody-producing B cells, activates neutrophils and induces mononuclear cells to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and -beta. Moreover, studies have shown that IL-2 is required for activation-induced apoptosis, an important homeostatic mechanism in the immune system, which is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens.IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and particularly naive T cells. IL-2 signaling on activated T cells is effected through a quaternary high-affinity receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells are relatively insensitive to IL-2 as they only express small amounts of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. They only acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to the IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma receptors. IL-2 is used in the treatment of metastatic cancer cells. Recently synergy has been observed between IL-2 based therapy and checkpoint blockade for cancer treatments. Cells which bear receptors for IL-2 stimulation are modulated by checkpoint inhibition either directly or through other lymphocytes, and lymphocytes which are effectors of checkpoint inhibition may respond to IL-2. The protein IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-2 (mouse):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 45kDa) and one encoding for the Fc Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-2 (mouse) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.
IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) Reference: AG-40B-0266 Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a 19 kDa monomeric protein. IL-11 forms a hexameric signaling complex, which consists of the cytokine, the cognate receptor (IL-11Ralpha) and the common signaling receptor (GP130) in a 2:2:2 stoichiometry. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines, which includes IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, Oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, neuropoietin, IL-27 and IL-31. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has diverse biological activities: i) it stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, enhances the production of megakaryocytes, leading to increased platelet production (thrombopoiesis); ii) IL-11 activates fibroblasts and exhibits either a pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic phenotype. Recently, IL-11 has been shown to be a key factor in 'inflammaging' (chronic inflammation), one of the hallmarks of aging leading to age-related illnesses, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, musculoskeletal dysfunction and cancer. Inhibition of IL-11 has been shown to increase lifespan and health span in mice. IL-11 influences aging by inducing IL-33 in fibroblasts and NLRP3 in macrophages. The protein IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc (LALA-PG)-KIH (human) (rec.) is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-11 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 50 kDa) and one encoding for the Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 28kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-11 (human) (monomeric):Fc-KIH (human) (rec.). The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.